Joint report with Meta: Phantom credits in engineered carbon removal
August 19, 2025 - Commentary
The Core Carbon Principles (CCPs) were developed by the Integrity Council for the Voluntary Carbon Market (ICVCM) to set a minimum benchmark for carbon credit quality. These principles were designed to help market participants identify carbon credits that meet certain criteria to promote environmental impact and alignment with climate goals.
In early 2024, the ICVCM began assessing various “categories” of carbon credits for CCP labeling. A category is a project type combined with a carbon methodology. The ICVCM decides whether each category is eligible to receive the CCP label.
Calyx Global provides independent, project-level assessments of greenhouse gas (GHG) integrity risk in carbon projects. Our approach is aligned with the core carbon principles. Below is a distribution of GHG ratings for projects that are CCP label eligible alongside those that will not receive the CCP label. Importantly, this chart only represents projects Calyx Global has assessed and may be missing projects that have yet to be rated or issue credits.
The number of credits eligible for the CCP label vs ineligible remains a small percentage of credits issued. As of June 20, 2025, only 3.3% of the credits Calyx Global has rated are currently eligible for the CCP label.
** “CCP label” represents projects Calyx Global has rated that are in an approved category (i.e., project type + methodology). “No CCP label” includes categories that have been rejected by the ICVCM Board and/or where a carbon crediting program has itself excluded a category from consideration (e.g., VCS has excluded old REDD methodologies and a cookstove methodology).
To learn how CCP labeling works, see our explainer here. Otherwise, we built this tracker to give market participants up-to-date access to ICVCM CCP label decisions alongside our expert analysis.
Last updated: August 18, 2025
Project category | Methodologies Programs | Status | Notes and links to Calyx Global analysis |
Afforestation, reforestation and revegetation |
| Approved | N/A |
Biochar |
| Approved | N/A |
Efficient cookstoves |
| Approved with additional requirements |
|
Household biodigesters |
| Approved with additional requirements | Calyx Global analysis |
Improved forest management |
| Approved with additional requirements | N/A |
Landfill gas |
| Approved | |
LDAR |
| Approved | N/A |
N20 Abatement in Adipic Acid Production |
| Approved | Calyx Global analysis |
Ozone-depleting substances |
| Approved |
Note: ACR’s U.S. ODS methodologies still under review |
REDD+ (Project) |
| Approved | Calyx Global analysis |
REDD+ (Jurisdictional) |
| Approved | Note: ART-TREES HFLD and Removals is still under consideration |
Efficient cookstoves |
| Rejected | Calyx Global analysis |
Grid-connected renewable energy |
| Rejected | Calyx Global analysis |
Household biodigesters |
| Rejected | Calyx Global analysis |
Mini-Grids |
| Rejected | N/A |
Renewable energy (Offgrid) |
| Rejected | N/A |
SF6 Avoidance |
| Rejected | Note: There are very few SF6 projects |
Afforestation, reforestation and revegetation |
| Assessment in progress | Awaiting announcement |
Biochar |
| Assessment in progress | Awaiting announcement |
CDR |
| Scheduled for consideration | Awaiting announcement |
| Assessment in progress | Awaiting announcement | |
Efficient cookstoves |
| Assessment in progress | Awaiting announcement |
Enhanced weathering |
| Assessment in progress | Awaiting announcement |
Enteric methane |
| Assessment in progress | Awaiting announcement |
HFC Displacement |
| Assessment in progress | Awaiting announcement |
HFC Replacement |
| Assessment in progress | Awaiting announcement |
Grid-connected renewable energy |
| Assessment in progress | Awaiting announcement |
HFC-23 destruction: HFC-23 abatement from HCFC-22 production |
| Very unlikely to meet | Awaiting announcement |
Improved forest management |
| Scheduled for consideration | Awaiting announcement |
| Assessment in progress | Awaiting announcement | |
| Withdrawn | ||
Industrial biodigesters |
| Assessment in progress | Awaiting announcement |
Industrial energy efficiency (supply side) |
| Very unikely to meet | Awaiting announcement |
Landfill avoidance |
| Assessment in progress | Awaiting announcement |
Marine carbon dioxide removals |
| Assessment in progress | Awaiting announcement |
Mine methane |
| Assessment in progress | Awaiting announcement |
N2O abatement in nitric acid production |
| Very unlikely to meet | Awaiting announcement |
New natural gas power |
| Very unlikely to meet | Awaiting announcement |
ODS destruction |
| Assessment in progress | Awaiting announcement |
REDD (Project) |
| Scheduled for consideration | Awaiting announcement |
REDD+ (Jurisdictional) |
| Scheduled for consideration | Awaiting announcement |
Rice cultivation methane avoidance |
| Assessment in progress | Awaiting announcement |
Sustainable agriculture |
| Assessment in progress | Awaiting announcement |
Waste heat recovery |
| Very unlikely to meet | Awaiting announcement |
*This list excludes project categories the ICVCM has yet to commence assessing or has not updated on its public website.
Removed from ICVCM Carbon Credit Category Assessment table:
Low-carbon transport/electric vehicles |
| Scheduled for consideration | Awaiting announcement |
Carbon credits generated by approved cookstove and household biodigester methodologies are eligible for the CCP label only if the following conditions are met:
Calyx Global screening | |||
---|---|---|---|
Carbon crediting program | ICVCM status | Pass/Fail | Level |
ACR (American Carbon Registry) | Approved | Premium subscriber content | |
Architecture for REDD+ (ART) | Approved | ||
Climate Action Reserve (CAR) | Approved | ||
Ecosystem Restoration Standard (ERS) | Approved | ||
Gold Standard (GS) | Approved | ||
Isometric | Approved | ||
Verified Carbon Standard (VCS) | Approved | ||
Cercarbano | Under review | ||
Global Carbon Council | Under review | ||
Plano Vivo Foundation | Under review | ||
Puro.earth | Under review | ||
Riverse | Under review | ||
Social Carbon | Application withdrawn, application to be considered in next application cycle | ||
Wilder Carbon | Under review |
Subscribers have access to Calyx Global’s independent program-level screenings providing additional due diligence beyond ICVCM approvals. Click here to access the subscriber portal or contact the team for a demo.
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About the author
Calyx Global Research Team